Reading (Unseen Passages)अपठित गद्यांश (Reading)Reading (Unseen Passages)

• Step 1: Read all the questions first. Now you know what to look for.
• Step 2: Read the passage once fully for the main idea. Do not stop at hard words; guess them from the sentence.
• Step 3: For each question, find the line in the passage that has the answer. Underline it lightly with a pencil.
• Step 4 (MCQ): Choose the option that matches the passage, not your general knowledge. Cut the options that are clearly wrong first.
• Step 5 (2-mark short answer): Write one or two complete sentences. Start with words from the question. Example: Q 'Why did Ramesh run to the village head?' → 'Ramesh ran to the village head to tell him that the bridge was broken.'
• Use your own words where you can, but keeping the key words of the passage is fine. Never copy a whole paragraph.
• Question words decide the answer: Who → a person; Where → a place; When → a time; Why → a reason (use 'because'); How → a way or manner.
• Common question types in the papers: who did something, why something happened, what a person/thing gives us, what the passage teaches, and a 'suitable title' sometimes.
• A good title is short (2–5 words) and covers the whole passage, not just one line. Example: 'A Brave Boy'.
• Passages in recent papers are usually about great people (freedom fighters, leaders), the value of work, health, character, or nature.

• चरण 1: पहले सारे प्रश्न पढ़ें। अब आपको पता है कि गद्यांश में क्या ढूँढना है।
• चरण 2: मुख्य भाव के लिए गद्यांश एक बार पूरा पढ़ें। कठिन शब्द पर न रुकें; वाक्य से उसका अर्थ अनुमान लगाएँ।
• चरण 3: हर प्रश्न के लिए गद्यांश में वह पंक्ति खोजें जिसमें उत्तर है। पेंसिल से हल्का रेखांकन करें।
• चरण 4 (MCQ): वही विकल्प चुनें जो गद्यांश से मेल खाता हो, अपने सामान्य ज्ञान से नहीं। पहले साफ़ ग़लत विकल्प काट दें।
• चरण 5 (2 अंक का लघु उत्तर): एक या दो पूरे वाक्य लिखें। प्रश्न के शब्दों से शुरू करें। उदाहरण: Q 'Why did Ramesh run to the village head?' → 'Ramesh ran to the village head to tell him that the bridge was broken.'
• जहाँ हो सके अपने शब्दों का प्रयोग करें, पर गद्यांश के मुख्य शब्द रखना ठीक है। पूरा अनुच्छेद कभी न उतारें।
• प्रश्नवाचक शब्द उत्तर तय करता है: Who → व्यक्ति; Where → स्थान; When → समय; Why → कारण ('because' लगाएँ); How → तरीका।
• पेपरों में आम प्रश्न: किसने क्या किया, कोई घटना क्यों हुई, कोई व्यक्ति/वस्तु हमें क्या देती है, गद्यांश क्या सिखाता है, और कभी-कभी 'उपयुक्त शीर्षक'।
• अच्छा शीर्षक छोटा (2–5 शब्द) होता है और पूरे गद्यांश को ढकता है, केवल एक पंक्ति को नहीं। उदाहरण: 'A Brave Boy'।
• हाल के पेपरों में गद्यांश प्रायः महान व्यक्तियों (स्वतंत्रता सेनानी, नेता), काम के महत्व, स्वास्थ्य, चरित्र या प्रकृति पर होते हैं।

• Step 1: Pehle saare questions padhiye. Ab aapko pata hai passage mein kya dhoondhna hai.
• Step 2: Main idea ke liye passage ek baar poora padhiye. Kathin word par mat rukiye; sentence se uska meaning guess kijiye.
• Step 3: Har question ke liye passage mein woh line dhoondhiye jisme answer hai. Pencil se halka underline kijiye.
• Step 4 (MCQ): Wahi option chuniye jo passage se match kare, apne general knowledge se nahi. Pehle saaf galat options kaat dijiye.
• Step 5 (2 marks ka short answer): Ek ya do poore sentences likhiye. Question ke words se shuru kijiye. Example: Q 'Why did Ramesh run to the village head?' → 'Ramesh ran to the village head to tell him that the bridge was broken.'
• Jahan ho sake apne words use kijiye, par passage ke key words rakhna theek hai. Poora paragraph kabhi copy mat kijiye.
• Question word answer decide karta hai: Who → vyakti; Where → jagah; When → samay; Why → kaaran ('because' lagaiye); How → tareeka.
• Papers mein common questions: kisne kya kiya, koi cheez kyon hui, koi vyakti/cheez humein kya deti hai, passage kya sikhata hai, aur kabhi-kabhi 'suitable title'.
• Achha title chhota (2–5 words) hota hai aur poore passage ko cover karta hai, sirf ek line ko nahi. Example: 'A Brave Boy'.
• Recent papers mein passages aksar mahaan logon (freedom fighters, leaders), kaam ki importance, health, character ya nature par hote hain.

💡 Answer in full sentences for 2-mark questions. A one-word answer usually gets only half the marks.2 अंक के प्रश्नों का उत्तर पूरे वाक्य में लिखें। एक शब्द वाला उत्तर प्रायः आधे अंक ही पाता है।2 marks ke questions ka answer poore sentence mein likhiye. Ek word wala answer aksar aadhe marks hi paata hai.

• The question asks: 'Which word in the passage means …?' or 'Which word in the passage is opposite of …?' The answer MUST be a word that is in the passage.
• Method: find the line where the idea appears, then look for a word of the same part of speech (noun for noun, adjective for adjective).
• Check by putting your word in place of the given word. If the sentence still makes sense, you are right.
• Opposites often come with prefixes: un- (happy → unhappy), dis- (appear → disappear), in-/im- (correct → incorrect, possible → impossible), ir- (rational → irrational).
• Common opposite pairs: weak – strong, hid – revealed, disappointed – pleased/satisfied, rich – poor, success – failure, honest – dishonest, ancient – modern.
• Common meaning pairs: softly – gently, brave – courageous, begin – start, help – assist, reply – answer, famous – well-known.
• Write only ONE word if the question says 'one word'. Write it exactly as spelt in the passage.

• प्रश्न पूछता है: 'Which word in the passage means …?' या 'Which word in the passage is opposite of …?' उत्तर वही शब्द होना चाहिए जो गद्यांश में है।
• तरीका: वह पंक्ति ढूँढें जहाँ वह भाव आता है, फिर उसी शब्द-भेद का शब्द खोजें (संज्ञा के लिए संज्ञा, विशेषण के लिए विशेषण)।
• जाँच: दिए गए शब्द की जगह अपना शब्द रखकर देखें। वाक्य का अर्थ ठीक बने तो उत्तर सही है।
• विलोम प्रायः उपसर्ग से बनते हैं: un- (happy → unhappy), dis- (appear → disappear), in-/im- (correct → incorrect, possible → impossible), ir- (rational → irrational)।
• आम विलोम जोड़े: weak – strong, hid – revealed, disappointed – pleased/satisfied, rich – poor, success – failure, honest – dishonest, ancient – modern।
• आम समानार्थी जोड़े: softly – gently, brave – courageous, begin – start, help – assist, reply – answer, famous – well-known।
• प्रश्न में 'one word' लिखा हो तो केवल एक शब्द लिखें, वही वर्तनी जो गद्यांश में है।

• Question poochhta hai: 'Which word in the passage means …?' ya 'Which word in the passage is opposite of …?' Answer wahi word hona chahiye jo passage mein hai.
• Tareeka: woh line dhoondhiye jahan woh idea aata hai, phir same part of speech ka word dhoondhiye (noun ke liye noun, adjective ke liye adjective).
• Check: diye gaye word ki jagah apna word rakhkar dekhiye. Sentence ka meaning theek bane to answer sahi hai.
• Opposites aksar prefix se bante hain: un- (happy → unhappy), dis- (appear → disappear), in-/im- (correct → incorrect, possible → impossible), ir- (rational → irrational).
• Common opposite pairs: weak – strong, hid – revealed, disappointed – pleased/satisfied, rich – poor, success – failure, honest – dishonest, ancient – modern.
• Common meaning pairs: softly – gently, brave – courageous, begin – start, help – assist, reply – answer, famous – well-known.
• Question mein 'one word' likha ho to sirf ek word likhiye, wahi spelling jo passage mein hai.

💡 Never give a word from your own mind. If it is not in the passage, it gets zero.अपने मन से शब्द न लिखें। जो शब्द गद्यांश में नहीं है, उस पर शून्य अंक मिलता है।Apne mann se word mat likhiye. Jo word passage mein nahi hai, us par zero milta hai.